分析

问答题 根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。
课堂教学设计是以获得最优化的教学效果为目的,提高课堂教学质量的一项关键工作。简述其五个基本要素,并说明基本程序。

正确答案
(1)课堂教学设计的五个基本要素:教学任务及对象;教学目标;教学策略;教学过程;教学评价。 (2)课堂教学设计的基本程序:
①分析教学任务,阐述教学的预期目标;从学习的需求分析开始,了解教学中存在的问题,学生的实际情况与期望水平之间的差距。这样以解决“为什么”及“学什么”和“教什么”的问题。
②分析学生特征,教师在分析具体的教学内容时,不仅要考虑课程、单元及课时的教学内容的选择和安排,更需考查学生在进行学习之前,对于本课程中本单元的学习内容具有什么知识和技能,即对学生初始能力的评定,了解学生的一般特征和对所学内容的兴趣和态度,即确定学生的起点状态。
③明确具体的学习目标,分析学生从起点状态过渡到终点状态应掌握的知识、技能或应形成的态度与行为习惯:即学生通过学习应该掌握什么知识和技能。
④确定教学策略,考虑用什么方式和方法给学生呈现教材,提供学习指导;考虑怎样才能实现学习目标或教学目标。解决“怎么学”和“怎么教”的问题,其中应考虑教学媒体的选择和应用,根据不同的情况选择不同的教学媒体或教学资源。
⑤实行教学设计评价,考虑如何对教学的结果进行科学的测量与评价。考虑用什么方法引起学生的反应并提供反馈:对学和教的行为做出评价,在行为评价时,一方面要以目标为标准进行评价,另一方面评价提供了关于教学效果的反馈信息,从而对模式中所有步骤作重新审查,特别应检验目标和策略方面的决定。
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