分析

教学情境分析题 下面是两位教师针对高一年级学生的作业布置。教学内容为“Earthquakes”。
Teacher 1:
Step 4:Homework
1.Copy the phrases and sentence patterns on your notebook.
2.Finish exercise in the workbook of this unit.
3.Talk about what you know about the earthquake with your friends.
Teacher 2:
Step 4:Homework
1.Copy the phrases and sentence patterns on your notebook.
2.Finish exercise in the workbook of this unit.
3.Work in groups.Search more information about the earthquake.And make a representation next class.Presentation includes:
(1)Every team member′s task
(2)Time you work on this task
(3)Related information about earthquake
根据上面所给的信息,从下列三个方面作答:
(1)作业布置有什么意义?(8分)
(2)这两位老师的作业布置是否合理?为什么?(12分)
(3)作业布置应注意哪些事项?(10分)

正确答案
(1)作业的意义:①可以及时检查听课的效果和掌握知识的程度,及时发现所学知识的缺漏并加以弥补。
②可以加深对知识的理解和记忆。
③可以提高思维能力,培养学生独立学习的能力和习惯。
④可以给教师提供教学的信息反馈,是教师检测、调控教学过程的依据。
(2)第一位老师的作业布置不是很合理。首先,第一位老师的作业布置过于传统。包括书面抄写作业,完成书上练习和讨论,缺乏趣味性。其次,第一位老师的作业布置缺少层次性:对于程度较好的学生作业并没有难度,只是为了做而做,并未通过作业有所提高。第三,第一位老师的作业布置并未体现探究性,作业并未激发学生思维。第四,作业并未体现合作性,只是自己单独完成。第五,第一位老师的作业布置的第三项只是让学生简单地讨论,并未做出其他具体要求,所以此项作业的布置并未有作业成果,学生通过完成作业并不能获得成就感或一定收获。
第二位老师的作业布置相对来说较合理。首先,第二位老师做到了作业形式的多样性,不拘泥于传统的抄写和完成练习的任务,而是书面作业和实践性作业相结合。同时老师也设计了以小组合作的方式收集相关信息并做报告,“地震”这个话题符合学生的生活实际,能够吸引导学生的兴趣和提高学生的参与度,同时,要求学生查找资料。不但可以帮助学生复习和巩固课上所学的知识,还可以培养学生的学习策略——资源策略。并且,小组合作可提升学生的合作能力。所以,这位老师的作业布置体现了一定的趣味性、实践性、探究性和合作性及开放性。
(3)注意事项:
①量的适中性。
作业太少,达不到目的;作业太多,会使学生望而生畏,甚至会损害学习英语的积极性。教师应指导学生在有限的时间内,主要进行学习方法的探索和知识的系统归类。因此,教师应把握好作业的量。
②难度的层次性。
作业过难。基础差的学生干脆不写,或者抄袭别人的作业;作业过于简单,基础好的同学会感觉毫无挑战。
因此,教师设计作业要充分考虑到学生的个体差异,把握好作业的难度。
③内容的针对性。
作业要强化教学目标、突出重难点、指导学习方法等,要有明确的目的。因此,采用何种类型和形式的作业,就需要根据每次作业的重点和学生具体情况来确定。
④完成的有效性。
教师布置的口头作业,如记忆语篇、和同伴编一段情景对话、用英语向家人介绍某人某物等,由于没有有效地监督和及时有效地检查.有的学生忽视了这项作业,失去了锻炼口头交际能力和语言的综合运用能力的机会。针对此现象,教师在布置作业时要确保作业的有效完成。
⑤形式的多样性。作业形式要新颖有趣,形式多样,不能只是抄写单词、句型、语篇,因为它机械地重复,枯燥无味,会失去挑战性,无法引起学生的学习兴趣。
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