分析

问答题 根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。
什么是教学反思?(4分)教学反思的注意事项有哪些?(6分)请具体说明教学后反思阶段的内容。(10分)

正确答案
(1)教学反思是教师为改进教学而对教学进行反思的行为,包括收集有关教学的数据,对自己的信念、态度、价值观、知识、假设、教学实践以及社会所给予的机会和限制进行批判性思考,从而寻求其他方法以更有效地达到目的和目标。 (2)注意事项:
①教学反思的内容要具体合理:反思要针对具体的教学环节与设计内容进行,不能过于笼统,也不能从观念与理论上做一些大而无当、空洞无物的说明;不应当套用特定的理论标准或使用过高的、不切实际的标准来反思自己的教学过程。
②教学反思的分析与表述要准确:要准确地说明所分析的对象,分析的逻辑要清晰明了,不要使用一些模糊的、自编的,或只是在小范围内熟知的、常用的套话或术语。
③教学反思的要求要客观:要以改进教学效果、提高学生的学习效率为目标,不应当一味地拔高要求,或是无原则地自我批评。
(3)教学后反思的内容:
教学后反思围绕教学内容、教学过程、教学策略进行。具体为:
①教学内容方面
确定教学目标的适用性;对目标所采取的教学策略做出判断。
②教学过程方面
回忆教学是怎样进行的;对教学目标的反思:是否达到预期的教学效果;对教学理论的反思:是否符合教与学的基本规律;对学生的评价与反思:各类学生是否达到了预定目标;对执行教学计划情况的反思:改变计划的原因和方法是否有效,采用别的活动和方法是否更有效;对改进措施的反思:教学计划怎样修改会更有效。
③教学策略方面
感知环节:教师要意识到教学中存在的问题与自己密切相关;理解环节:教师要对自己的教学活动与倡导的理论,行为结果与期望进行比较,明确问题根源;重组环节:教师要重审教学思想,寻求新策略;验证环节:检验新思想、新策略、新方案是否更有效,形成新感知,发现新问题,开始新循环。
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