分析

问答题 下面是某教师一节课导人环节的教学实录,单元话题为 Animals in danger。
T: Hi, Class! Let's look at these pictures! Can you tell us what animals they are?
Ss: Elephants!/Tigers!/Monkeys !/Dolphins!
T: Let's see what these animals can do. Can elephants swim?
Ss: Yes.
T: Can tigers swim?
Ss: Yes.
...
T: What animals do you like best? S 1.
S 1: Pandas.
T: Why do you like them?
S 1: Because they are cute.
T: Great! Anyone else? Do you like tigers? $2.
$2: Yes.
T: Why?
$2: Because they are brave.
T: Can you tell us where they live?
Ss: In the zoo./In the forest./In the cage.
T: Look! (pointing to the tiger in the cage) Why are they sad?
Ss: ...
根据所给信息从下列三个方面作答。
(1)列出该教师运用封闭式和开放式提问的各两个例句。(12 分)
(2)分析封闭式问题与开放式问题各自的一个优点和一个缺点。(12 分)
(3)分析该教师提问的两个特点。(6 分)

正确答案
(1)①封闭式问题只有一个正确答案,答案是限制性的,只能评估学生对特定知识的了解。
例句:
Can elephants swim?
Can tigers swim?
②开放式问题的答案不止一个,它能调动学生的思维,考查学生的理解能力和语用能力,语用信息量较大。
例句:
What animals do you like best?
Why do you like them?
(2)①封闭式问题。
优点:封闭式问题的答案是固定的,有利于考查学生对于语言知识掌握的准确性,可以帮助学生更好地掌握和巩固目标语,有助于学生掌握正确的语言形式。
缺点:封闭式问题属于机械性操练,学生只需要回答出特定答案,没有过多的思考,不能起到发散思维的作用,不利于培养学生举一反三、实际运用语言的能力。
②开放式问题。
优点:开放式问题的答案通常不是唯一的。教师在教学中使用开放式问题,能够引导学生自己去思考答案,发散学生的思维,让学生有动脑思考的过程,培养学生真正运用语言的能力,做到启发式教学。
缺点:与封闭式问题相比,开放式问题较难,所以对于一些基础比较薄弱的学生来说完成起来会有一定的难度。如果教师应用不当的话,可能会起不到作用,打击学生的积极性,不利于教学的顺利进行。
(3)特点:
①该教师在导入环节采用了封闭式提问以及开放式提问的方式,使提问方式多元化。这两种方式适用于不同的学生,也有各自的作用,这样可以充分发挥两种提问方式的优势,削弱两种提问方式的劣势,提高了教学的有效性。
②该教师的提问方式富于变化。该教师没有让学生采用单一的回答方式,而是让学生自愿回答、齐答和指定学生回答,注重了问题的广度,这样能够集中学生的注意力,充分调动学生学习的积极性,使每个学生都有适度的参与感和紧张感,提高了教学的有效性。
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